Volume 28, Number 6—June 2022
Research
Characterization of Healthcare-Associated and Community-Associated Clostridioides difficile Infections among Adults, Canada, 2015–2019
Table 1
Characteristics | Healthcare-associated | Community-associated | All cases | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Routine surveillance, no. (%)† |
13,735 (74.4) |
4,720 (25.6) |
18,455 |
|
Patient characteristics | ||||
Age, y | ||||
Mean (SD) | 68.3 (16.9) | 64.4 (18.4) | 67.3 (17.4) | <0.001 |
Median (IQR) | 70.0 (59.0–81.0) | 67.0 (54.0–79.0) | 70.0 (58.0–80.0) | <0.001 |
Sex, no. (%) | ||||
F | 6,747 (49.1) | 2,645 (56.0) | 9,392 (50.9) | <0.001 |
M |
6,988 (50.9) |
2,075 (44.0) |
9,063 (49.1) |
|
Targeted surveillance, no. (%)‡ |
2,350 (76.2) |
734 (23.8) |
3,084 |
|
Clinical results and outcomes | ||||
Median (IQR) leukocyte count, × 109 cells/L | 10.9 (23.0–33.0) | 10.6 (6.9–15.7) | 10.8 (7.1–16.0) | NS |
Median (IQR) albumin, g/L | 26.0 (22.0–31.0) | 28.0 (23.0–33.0) | 27.0 (22.0–32.0) | 0.0232 |
FMT, no. positive/no. tested (%)§ | 11/3,645 (0.3) | 4/1,557 (0.3) | 15/5,202 (0.3) | NS |
Colectomy, no. positive/no. tested (%) | 30/2,255 (1.3) | 15/725 (2.1) | 45/2,980 (1.5) | NS |
Loop ileostomy, no. positive/no. tested (%) | 2/798 (0.3) | 3/270 (1.1) | 5/1,068 (0.5) | NS |
ICU admission, no. (%) | n = 2,340 | n = 733 | n = 3,073 | |
All cause | 156 (6.7) | 51 (7.0) | 207 (6.8) | NS |
Due to complications of CDI | 46 (2.0) | 11 (1.5) | 57 (1.9) | NS |
30-d mortality, no. (%) | n = 2,302 | n = 731 | ||
Death, all causes | 263 (11.4) | 53 (7.3) | 316/3,033 (10.4) | 0.0001 |
Death, attributable to CDI | 69 (3.0) | 17 (2.3) | 86/3,019 (2.9) | NS |
*Missing or unknown values were excluded from the analysis. χ2 test was used to assess statistical significance for categorical variables; Student t test, or the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for continuous variables. CDI, Clostridiodes difficile infection; FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; NS, not significant. †Patient characeristics data collected year-round. ‡Clinical results and outcome data are collected during a 2-month targeted surveillance period (March–April) each year except FMT where the data were collected year-around. §FMT data collection started in 2018.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.
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Page updated: May 22, 2022
Page reviewed: May 22, 2022
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