Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 28, Number 8—August 2022
Research

Increasing and More Commonly Refractory Mycobacterium avium Pulmonary Disease, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Daan Raats1Comments to Author , Sarah K. Brode, Mahtab Mehrabi, and Theodore K. Marras
Author affiliations: Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D. Raats, S.K. Brode, M. Mehrabi, T.K. Marras); West Park Health Care Centre, Toronto (S.K. Brode); University of Toronto, Toronto (S.K. Brode, T.K. Marras)

Main Article

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients with Mycobacterium avium and M. xenopi pulmonary disease, Toronto, Ontario, Canada*

Characteristic Mycobacterium avium
Mycobacterium xenopi
Early period,
n = 82
Late period,
n = 138
p value Early period,
n = 24
Late period,
n = 8
p value
Median age, y (IQR)
66.3 (59.5–72.7)
68.8 (59.1–76.0)
0.16

57.4 (47.4–72.5)
61.7 (58.2–68.5)
0.51
Sex
F 54 (65.9) 82 (59.4) 0.39 14 (58.3) 5 (62.5) Referent
M
28 (34.1)
56 (40.6)


10 (41.7)
3 (37.5)

Race
White 57 (69.5) 95 (68.8) Referent† 20 (83.3) 8 (100) 0.55†
East Asian 22 (26.8) 28 (20.3) 3 (12.5) 0
South Asian 2 (2.4) 12 (8.7) 1 (4.2) 0
Black
1 (1.2)
3 (2.2)


0
0

Smoking history
Never 46 (56.1) 72 (52.2) 0.56† 8 (33.3) 1 (12.5) 0.39†
Prior 26 (31.7) 53 (38.4) 12 (50.0) 3 (37.5)
Current
10 (12.2)
13 (9.4)


4 (16.7)
4 (50.0)

Median BMI, kg/m2 (IQR)
21.1 (18.5–23.2)
21.4 (19.1–24.3)
0.40

21.3 (19.4–24.3)
21.5 (20.7–25.2)
0.35
% Predicted FEV1 (IQR)
64.0 (46.5–75.0)
64.0 (46.3–79.8)
0.88

64.0 (45.5–75.5)
80.5 (43.0–95.0)
0.32
% Predicted FVC (IQR)
80.0 (64.8–93.0)
78.0 (65.3–94.0)
0.98

83.0 (68.0–91.0)
101.0 (87.3–109.0)
0.03
Comorbidities
COPD 22 (26.8) 46 (33.3) 0.37 12 (50.0) 4 (50.0) Referent
Asthma 13 (15.9) 18 (13.0) 0.56 5 (20.8) 3 (37.5) 0.38
Interstitial lung disease 2 (2.4) 6 (4.4) 0.71 0 0 NA
Previous tuberculosis 9 (11.0) 11 (8.0) 0.47 3 (12.5) 0 0.55
Cystic fibrosis or PCD 1 (1.2) 3 (2.2) Referent 0 0 NA
Previous chest
radiotherapy
5 (6.1) 14 (10.1) 0.33 4 (16.7) 0 0.55
Autoimmune disease 14 (17.1) 24 (17.4) Referent 0 0 NA
GERD 16 (19.5) 38 (27.5) 0.20 6 (25.0) 2 (25.0) Referent
Aspiration
5 (6.1)
8 (5.8)
Referent

2 (8.3)
0
Referent
Medication use
Inhaled corticosteroids 39 (47.6) 50 (26.2) 0.12 12 (50.0) 4 (50.0) Referent
Oral corticosteroids 4 (4.9) 9 (6.5) 0.77 0 1 (12.5) 0.25
Current or recent
chemotherapy‡
1 (1.2)
5 (3.6)
0.42

1 (4.2)
0
Referent
Housing§
Detached single-family 33 (40.2) 52 (37.7) 0.55 12 (50.0) 5 (62.5) 0.53
Attached single-family 16 (19.5) 22 (15.9) 1 (4.2) 1 (12.5)
Low-rise multi-family 10 (12.2) 12 (8.7) 4 (16.7) 0
High-rise multi-family¶ 23 (28.0) 50 (36.2) 7 (29.2) 2 (25.0)

*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. Bold indicates significance. BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; IQR, interquartile range; PCD, primary ciliary dyskinesia. †Fisher exact tests comparing White and non-White persons and persons who have ever smoked with persons who have not. ‡Recent chemotherapy was defined as within 2 years of treatment initiation. §Missing data for 2 M. avium patients in the late period. ¶Buildings with >5 stories were classified as high-rise.

Main Article

1Current affiliation: Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.

Page created: June 14, 2022
Page updated: July 20, 2022
Page reviewed: July 20, 2022
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external