Volume 6, Number 6—December 2000
Research
Predominance of HIV-1 Subtype A and D Infections in Uganda
Figure
References
- Hu DJ, Dondero TJ, Rayfield MA, George JR, Schochetman G, Jaffe HW, The emerging genetic diversity of HIV: The importance of global surveillance for diagnostics, research, and prevention. JAMA. 1996;275:210–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Ou CY, Takebe Y, Luo CC, Kalish ML, Auwanit W, Bandea C, Wide distribution of two subtypes of HIV-1 in Thailand. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1992;8:1471–2.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Weniger BG, Limpakarnjanarat K, Ungchusak K, Thanprasertsuk S, Choopanya K, Vanichseni S, The epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS in Thailand. AIDS. 1991;5:S71–85. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- McCutchan FE, Hegerich PA, Brennan TP, Phanuphak P, Singharaj P, Jugsudee A, Genetic variants of HIV-1 in Thailand. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1992;8:1887–95. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Wright NH, Vanichseni S, Akarasewi P, Wasi C, Choopanya K. Was the 1988 HIV epidemic among Bangkok's injecting drugs users a common source outbreak? AIDS. 1994;8:529–32. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kalish ML, Baldwin A, Raktham S, Wasi C, Luo CC, Schochetman G, The evolving molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 envelope subtypes in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand: implications for HIV vaccine trials. AIDS. 1995;9:851–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Wasi C, Herring B, Raktham S, Vanichseni S, Mastro TD, Young NL, Determination of HIV-1 subtypes in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand, using peptide-binding enzyme immunoassay and heteroduple mobility assay: evidence of increasing infection with HIV-1 subtype E. AIDS. 1995;9:843–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Subbarao S, Limpakarnjanarat K, Mastro TD, Bhumisawasdi J, Warachit P, Jayavasu C, HIV-1 in Thailand, 1994-1995: persistence of two subtypes with low genetic diversity. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1998;14:319–27. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Janssens W, Buve A, Nkengasong JN. The puzzle of HIV-1 subtypes in Africa. AIDS. 1997;11:705–12. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Barin F, Courouce AM, Pillonel J, Buzelay L; Retrovirus Study Group of the French Society of Blood Transfusion. Increasing diversity of HIV-1M serotypes in French blood donors over a 10-year period (1985-1995). AIDS. 1997;11:1503–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- M üller-Trutwin MC, Chaix ML, Letourneur F, Begaud E, Beaumont D, Deslandres A, Increase of HIV-1 subtype A in Central African Republic. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999;21:164–1.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Mastro TD, Kunanusont C, Dondero TJ, Wasi C. Why do HIV-1 subtypes segregate among persons with different risk behaviors in South Africa and Thailand? AIDS. 1997;11:113–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Oram JD, Downing RG, Roff M, Serwankambo N, Clegg JCS, Featherstone AS, Sequence analysis of the V3 loop regions of the env genes of Ugandan human immunodeficiency proviruses. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1991;1:605–14. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Albert J, Franzen L, Jansson M, Scarlatti G, Kataaha PK, Katabira E, Ugandan HIV-1 V3 loop sequences closely related to the U.S./European consensus. Virology. 1992;190:674–81. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization. HIV type 1 variation in World Health Organization-sponsored vaccine evaluation sites: genetic screening, sequence analysis, and preliminary biological characterization of selected viral strains. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994;10:1327–43. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Bruce C, Clegg C, Featherstone A, Smith J, Biryahawaho B, Downing R, Presence of multiple genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviruses in Uganda. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994;10:1543–50. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Smith JD, Bruce CB, Featherstone AS, Downing RG, Biryahawaho B, Clegg , . Reactions of Ugandan antisera with peptides encoded by V3 loop epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994;10:577–83. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Brennan CA, Lund JK, Golden A, Yamaguchi J, Vallari AS, Phillips JF, Serologic and phylogenetic characterization of HIV-1 subtypes in Uganda. AIDS. 1997;11:1823–32. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Rayfield MA, Downing RG, Baggs J, Hu DJ, Pieniazek D, Luo CC, A molecular epidemiologic survey of HIV in Uganda. AIDS. 1998;12:521–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Luo CC, Downing RG, dela Torre N, Baggs J, Hu DJ, Respess RA, The development and evaluation of a probe hybridization method for subtyping HIV type 1 infection in Uganda. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1998;14:691–4. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Yang C, Pieniazek D, Owen SM, Fridlund C, Nkengasong J, Mastro TD, Detection of phylogenetically diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 groups M and O from plasma by using highly sensitive and specific generic primers. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37:2581–6.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Pieniazek D, Yang C, Lal RB. Phylogenetic analysis of gp41 envelope of HIV-1 groups M, N, and O provides an alternate region for subtype determination. In: Korber B, Foley B, McCutchan F, Mellors JW, Hahn BH, Sodroski J, et al, editors. Human retroviruses and AIDS 1998. Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Laboratory;1998:III-112-17.
- Dorn J, Masciotra S, Yang C, Downing R, Biryahwaho B, Mastro TD, Analysis of genetic variability within the immunodominant epitopes of envelope gp41 from HIV-1 Group M and its impact on HIV-1 antibody detection. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:773–80.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Downing R, Pieniazek D, Hu DJ, Biryahawaho B, Fridlund C, Rayfield MA, Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 subtype C from Uganda. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2000;16:815–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hu DJ, Buvé A, Baggs J, van der Groen G, Dondero TJ. What role does HIV-1 subtype play in transmission and pathogenesis? An epidemiological perspective. AIDS. 1999;3:873–81. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Robertson DL, Sharp PM, McCutchan FE, Hahn BH. Recombination in HIV-1. Nature. 1995;374:124–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Page created: December 17, 2010
Page updated: December 17, 2010
Page reviewed: December 17, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.