Volume 7, Number 1—February 2001
Perspective
Pesticides and Public Health: Integrated Methods of Mosquito Management
Robert I. Rose
Table
Pesticides used for mosquito control in the United States
| Name | Trade Name | Formulationa | Application | Advantage | Limitation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temephos | Abate | G, EC | Larvae | Usually lowest cost | Nontarget effects, some resistance |
| Methoprene | Altosid | G, B, P, LC | Larvae | Residual briquets, nontarget safety | Cannot be certain of performance until too late to retreat |
| Oils | BVA, Golden Bear | Oil | Larvae, pupae | Acts on pupae | Oil film, subsurface larvae |
| Monomolecular film | Agnique | Liquid | Larvae, pupae | Acts on pupae | Subsurface larvae |
| Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) | Aquabac, Bactimos, LarvX, Teknar, Dunks | WDG, AS, P, G, B | Larvae | Nontarget safety, Briquets control 30+ days | Short window of treatment opportunity, pupae |
| Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) | VectoLex | G, WDG | Larvae | Nontarget safety | Pupae, only works in fresh water |
| Malathion | Fyfanon, Atrapa, Prentox | ULV, thermal fog | Adults | Tolerances | OPa, some resistance |
| Naled | Dibrom, Trumpet | ULV, EC,thermal fog | Adults | Tolerances | OP, corrosive |
| Fenthion | Batex | ULV | Adults | None specified | OP, Florida only, RUPa, tolerances |
| Permethrin | Permanone, AquaResilin, Biomist, Mosquito-Beater | ULV, thermal fog, clothing treatment | Adults, clothing treatment for ticks and mosquitoes | Low vertebrate toxicity | None specified |
| Resmethrin | Scourge | ULV, thermal fog | Adults | Low vertebrate toxicity | RUP, no tolerance for residue on crops |
| Sumithrin | Anvil | ULV,thermal fog | Adults | Low vertebrate toxicity | No tolerance |
| Pyrethrins | Pyrenone, Pyronyl | ULV, EC | Adults, larvae | Natural pyrethrum, tolerances | May be costly |
aAS = Aqueous suspension; B = Briquets; EC = Emulsifiable concentrate; G = Granules; LC = Liquid concentrate; P = Pellets; ULV = Ultra low volume; WDG = Water-dispersible granule; OP = Organophospate insecticide; RUP = Restricted use product
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.