Volume 7, Number 7—June 2001
Research
Cholera Outbreak in Southern Tanzania: Risk Factors and Patterns of Transmission
Camilo J. Acosta*†, Claudia M. Galindo*†, John Kimario*, Kesheni Senkoro*, Honorathy Urassa*, Climent Casals†, Manuel Corachán†, N. Eseko‡, Marcel Tanner§, Hassan Mshinda*, Fred Lwilla¶, Jordi Vila†, and Pedro L. Alonso†
Table 1
Univariate analysis results of potential risk factors during the 5 days before onset of illness in cases and matched controls
| Cases % | Controls exposed % | Matched | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factors | (No. =180) | (No.=360) | odds ratio | 95% CIa | p-value |
| Social activities | |||||
| Attended funeral recently | 6.2 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 1.1 - 6.8 | 0.03 |
| Attended party recently | 2.8 | 4.7 | 0.6 | 0.2 - 1.7 | 0.33 |
| Travel in the past 2 weeks | 19.0 | 13.6 | 1.5 | 0.9 - 2.5 | 0.10 |
| Standard of living | |||||
| Mud housingb | 48.0 | 36.0 | 1.7 | 1.2 - 2.5 | 0.01 |
| Non iron sheet roof | 55.6 | 39.2 | 2.0 | 1.4 - 2.8 | 0.00 |
| No latrine at home | 56.6 | 9.8 | 11.4 | 6.3 -20.5 | 0.00 |
| Simple pit latrinec | 91.4 | 81.2 | 2.7 | 1.4 - 5.1 | 0.001 |
| Water exposure | |||||
| >10 minutes to water source | 26.1 | 11.4 | 2.8 | 1.7 - 4.6 | 0.00 |
| Unboiled drinking water | 86.7 | 79.2 | 1.9 | 1.1 - 3.2 | 0.02 |
| Unfiltered drinking water | 89.4 | 84.2 | 1.7 | 0.9 - 3.0 | 0.07 |
| River bathing | 56.6 | 9.8 | 11.4 | 6.3 -20.5 | 0.00 |
| Inside tap waterd | 18.9 | 9.4 | 3.0 | 1.7 - 5.1 | 0.00 |
| Other source waterd | 18.3 | 7.5 | 3.7 | 2.0 - 6.7 | 0.00 |
| Food exposures | |||||
| Dried fish | 52.5 | 7.2 | 13.0 | 7.3 -23.3 | 0.00 |
| Prawns | 13.9 | 5.0 | 3.1 | 1.6 - 5.9 | 0.00 |
| Uncooked vegetables | 25.1 | 20.1 | 1.3 | 0.9 - 2.0 | 0.20 |
| Fruits | 32.4 | 30.4 | 1.1 | 0.7 - 1.6 | 0.60 |
| Religione | 41.2 | 23.1 | 2.3 | 1.1 - 3.4 | 0.00 |
aCI = confidence interval.
bCompared with brick houses.
cCompared with ventilated improved pit latrines.
dCompared with hand-pumped drinking water.
eMuslims (compared with other religions, including Catholics, Protestants, and others).
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