Volume 9, Number 11—November 2003
Research
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Transmission and Risk Factors of Contacts, Uganda1
Paolo Francesconi*, Zabulon Yoti†, Silvia Declich*
, Paul Awil Onek‡, Massimo Fabiani*, Joseph Olango‡, Roberta Andraghetti*, Pierre E. Rollin§, Cyprian Opira†, Donato Greco*, and Stefania Salmaso*
, Paul Awil Onek‡, Massimo Fabiani*, Joseph Olango‡, Roberta Andraghetti*, Pierre E. Rollin§, Cyprian Opira†, Donato Greco*, and Stefania Salmaso*
Table 2
Univariate analysis of risk factors for Ebola hemorrhagic fever among a population of 83 contacts, Gulu, Uganda, 2000
| Risk factors | No. of cases (%) | Crude PPR (95% CI)a | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics |
||||
| Sex |
||||
| Male |
6 (18.2) |
1 |
||
| Female |
14 (28.0) |
1.54 (0.66 to 3.60) |
0.446 |
|
| Age group (y) |
||||
| <30 |
9 (20.5) |
1 |
||
| >30 |
11 (28.2) |
1.38 (0.64 to 2.97) |
0.571 |
|
| Direct transmission |
||||
| Touched sick person |
||||
| No |
1 (7.7) |
1 |
||
| Yes |
19 (27.1) |
3.53 (0.52 to 24.11) |
0.173 |
|
| Touched body of deceased person |
||||
| No |
9 (17.6) |
1 |
||
| Yes |
11 (34.4) |
1.95 (0.91 to 4.17) |
0.141 |
|
| Contact with body fluids |
||||
| No |
5 (9.4) |
1 |
||
| Yes |
15 (50.0) |
5.30 (2.14 to 13.14) |
< 0.001 |
|
| Indirect transmission |
||||
| Shared meals |
||||
| No |
14 (20.6) |
1 |
||
| Yes |
6 (40.0) |
1.94 (0.89 to 4.22) |
0.178 |
|
| Washed clothes |
||||
| No |
9 (18.8) |
1 |
||
| Yes |
11 (31.4) |
1.68 (0.78 to 3.60) |
0.283 |
|
| Slept in the same hut/on the same mat |
||||
| No |
9 (16.4) |
1 |
||
| Shared only the hut |
6 (35.3) |
2.16 (0.90 to 5.19) |
||
| Shared also the same mat |
5 (45.5) |
2.78 (1.15 to 6.70) |
0.019 (for trend) |
|
| Ritual handwashing during funeral |
||||
| No |
13 (19.4) |
1 |
||
| Yes |
7 (43.7) |
2.25 (1.08 to 4.72) |
0.054 |
|
| Communal meal during funeral |
||||
| No |
9 (15.5) |
1 |
||
| Yes | 11 (44.0) | 2.84 (1.35 to 5.98) | 0.012 | |
aPPR, prevalence proportion ratios; CI, confidence interval.
1This paper is dedicated to Dr. Matthew Lukwiya, Medical Superintendent of St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor, and the other health staff who contracted and died of Ebola while taking care of hospital patients.
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Page updated: January 21, 2011
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