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Volume 16, Number 8—August 2010
Research

White-Nose Syndrome Fungus (Geomyces destructans) in Bats, Europe

Gudrun WibbeltComments to Author , Andreas Kurth, David Hellmann, Manfred Weishaar, Alex Barlow, Michael Veith, Julia Prüger, Tamás Görföl, Lena Grosche, Fabio Bontadina, Ulrich Zöphel, Hans-Peter Seidl, Paul M. Cryan, and David S. Blehert
Author affiliations: Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (G. Wibbelt); Robert Koch Institute, Berlin (A. Kurth); University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany (D. Hellmann); Bat Conservation Working Group, Gusterath, Germany (M. Weishaar); Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Somerset, UK (A. Barlow); Trier University, Trier, Germany (M. Veith); Coordination Agency for Bat Protection in Thuringia, Erfurt, Germany (J. Prüger); Nature Conservation Foundation of Tolna County, Szekszárd, Hungary (T. Görföl); Echolot GbR, Münster, Germany (L. Grosche); SWILD–Urban Ecology and Wildlife Research, Zurich, Switzerland (F. Bontadina); Saxonian State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Dresden-Pillnitz, Germany (U. Zöphel); Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany (H.-P. Seidl); US Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (P.M. Cryan); US Geological Survey, Madison, Wisconsin, USA (D.S. Blehert)

Main Article

Table 2

Fungal culture and PCR results for 23 bats with evidence of fungal colonization tested by light or electron microscopy, Europe*

Country/ location no.† Sample source Species Collection date No./ hibernacula PCR result Culture result GenBank accession no.
ITS SSU rRNA
Germany/4 Hair 2 Myotis dasycneme 2008 Feb 25 10 + + GU350437 GU350442
Germany/8 Hair 7 M. myotis 2009 Mar 3 214 + + GU350436 GU350441
Germany/7 Tape 8 M. myotis 2009 Mar 7 57 + + GU999986 GU999983
Hungary/9 Hair 16 M. myotis 2009 Mar 29 64 + + GU350434 GU350439
Switzerland/10 Tape 10 M. myotis 2009 Apr 5 25 + + GU350433 GU350438
Switzerland/10 Tape 11 M. myotis 2009 Apr 5 25 + + GU999984 GU999981
Switzerland/11 Tape 12 M. myotis 2009 Apr 5 25 + + GU999985 GU999982
Switzerland/10 Tape 20 M. myotis 2009 Apr 11 25 + + GU350435 GU350440
Germany/1 Hair 1 M. myotis 2009 Feb 21 65 + – HM222616 –
Germany/6 Hair 20 M. myotis 2009 Mar 13 100 + – HM222617 –
Germany/2 Tape 1 M. myotis 2009 Feb 26 ≈2,000 + – HM222618 –
Germany/2 Tape 2 M. myotis 2009 Feb 26 ≈2,000 + – HM222619 –
Germany/8 Tape 5 M. myotis 2009 Mar 3 214 + – HM222620 –
Germany/8 Tape 6 M. myotis 2009 Mar 3 214 + – HM222621 –
Germany/7 Tape 9 M. myotis 2009 Mar 7 57 + – HM222622 –
Germany/6 Tape 16 M. myotis 2009 Mar 13 100 + – HM222623 –
Germany/8 Hair 6 M. brandtii 2009 Mar 3 214 + – HM222624 –
Germany/5 Hair 3 M. dasycneme 2009 Feb 28 29 + – HM222625 –
Germany/6 Tape 17 M. dasycneme 2009 Mar 13 100 + – HM222626 –
Germany/3 Hair 17 M. daubentonii 2009 Mar 5 ≈7,000 + – HM222627 –
Hungary/9 Tape 13 M. oxygnathus 2009 Mar 29 64 + – HM222628 –
United Kingdom/12 Hair 10 Rhinolophus ferrumequinum 2009 Mar 11 558 –‡ –‡ HM222629 –
United Kingdom/12 Hair 11 R. ferrumequinum 2009 Mar 11 558 –‡ –‡ HM222630 –

*ITS, internal transcribed spacer; SSU, small subunit; tape, touch imprint with adhesive tape.
†Location number corresponds to a hibernation site in Figure 2.
‡Although samples were negative for G. destructans, they were positive for Penicillium sp. by PCR and culture.

Main Article

Page created: March 30, 2011
Page updated: March 30, 2011
Page reviewed: March 30, 2011
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