Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 12, Number 4—April 2006
Research

Economic Impact of Lyme Disease

Xinzhi Zhang*Comments to Author , Martin I. Meltzer*, César A. Peña†1, Annette B. Hopkins†, Lane Wroth‡, and Alan D. Fix†
Author affiliations: *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; †University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ‡Care First-Easton Branch (previously Delmarva Health Plan), Easton, Maryland, USA

Main Article

Figure 1

Lyme disease (LD) cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by state health departments in the United States (1991–2002). Reported cases were defined according to the national surveillance definition. For the purpose of surveillance, a case of LD is defined as physician-diagnosed erythema migrans >5 cm or >1 late rheumatologic, neurologic, or cardiac manifestation with laboratory evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvb

Figure 1. Lyme disease (LD) cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by state health departments in the United States (1991–2002). Reported cases were defined according to the national surveillance definition. For the purpose of surveillance, a case of LD is defined as physician-diagnosed erythema migrans >5 cm or >1 late rheumatologic, neurologic, or cardiac manifestation with laboratory evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/epi.htm (14).

Main Article

References
  1. Steere  AC, Malawista  SE, Snydman  DR, Shope  RE, Andiman  WA, Ross  MR, Lyme arthritis: an epidemic of oligoarticular arthritis in children and adults in three Connecticut communities. Arthritis Rheum. 1977;20:7–17. DOIPubMed
  2. Bujak  DI, Weinstein  A, Dornbush  RL. Clinical and neurocognitive features of the post Lyme syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1996;23:1392–7.PubMed
  3. Shadick  NA, Phillips  CB, Logigian  EL, Steere  AC, Kaplan  RF, Berardi  VP, The long-term clinical outcomes of Lyme disease. A population-based retrospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:560–7.PubMed
  4. Johnson  BJ, Robbins  KE, Bailey  RE, Cao  BL, Sviat  SL, Craven  RB, Serodiagnosis of Lyme disease: accuracy of a two-step approach using a flagella-based ELISA and immunoblotting. J Infect Dis. 1996;174:346–53. DOIPubMed
  5. Dressler  F, Whalen  JA, Reinhardt  BN, Steere  AC. Western blotting in the serodiagnosis of Lyme disease. J Infect Dis. 1993;167:392–400. DOIPubMed
  6. Tugwell  P, Dennis  DT, Weinstein  A, Wells  G, Shea  B, Nichol  G, Laboratory evaluation in the diagnosis of Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:1109–23.PubMed
  7. Steere  AC, Levin  RE, Molloy  PJ, Kalish  RA, Abraham  JH III, Liu  NY, Treatment of Lyme arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37:878–88. DOIPubMed
  8. Wormser  GP, Nadelman  RB, Dattwyler  RJ, Dennis  DT, Shapiro  ED, Steere  AC, Practice guidelines for the treatment of Lyme disease. The Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31(Suppl 1):S1–14. DOI
  9. Benenson  AS. Control of communicable diseases manual. 16th ed. Washington: American Public Health Association; 1995.
  10. Hayes  EB, Maupin  GO, Mount  GA, Piesman  J. Assessing the prevention effectiveness of local Lyme disease control. J Public Health Manag Pract. 1999;5:84–92.PubMed
  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for the use of Lyme disease vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48(RR-7):1–17, 21–5.
  12. Malawista  SE. Lyme disease. In: Goldman L, Bennett JC, editors. Cecil textbook of medicine. 21st ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 2000. p. 1757–61.
  13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lyme disease—United States, 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002;51:29–31.PubMed
  14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Notice to readers: final 2002 reports of notifiable diseases. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52:741–50.
  15. Maes  E, Lecomte  P, Ray  N. A cost-of-illness study of Lyme disease in the United States. Clin Ther. 1998;20:993–1008. DOIPubMed
  16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Case definitions for infectious conditions under public health surveillance. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997;46(RR-10):20–1.
  17. US Department of Labor. Consumer price index. [cited 2004 June 16]. Available from http://www.bls.gov/cpi/home.htm
  18. Haddix  AC, Teutsch  SM, Corso  PS, eds. Prevention effectiveness: a guide to decision analysis and economic evaluation. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2003. p. 70–1.
  19. Fix  AD, Strickland  GT, Grant  J. Tick bites and Lyme disease in an endemic setting: problematic use of serologic testing and prophylactic antibiotic therapy. JAMA. 1998;279:206–10. DOIPubMed
  20. Strickland  GT, Karp  AC, Mathews  A, Peña  CA. Utilization and cost of serologic tests for Lyme disease in Maryland. J Infect Dis. 1997;176:819–21. DOIPubMed
  21. Meek  JI, Roberts  CL, Smith  EV Jr, Cartter  ML. Underreporting of Lyme disease by Connecticut physicians, 1992. J Public Health Manag Pract. 1996;2:61–5.PubMed
  22. Barbour  AG, Fish  D. The biological and social phenomenon of Lyme disease. Science. 1993;260:1610–6. DOIPubMed
  23. Steere  AC, Sikand  VK, Schoen  RT, Nowakowski  J. Asymptomatic infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:528–32. DOIPubMed
  24. Steere  AC, Coburn  J, Glickstein  L. The emergence of Lyme disease [review]. J Clin Invest. 2004;113:1093–101.PubMed

Main Article

1Current affiliation: Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Page created: January 19, 2012
Page updated: January 19, 2012
Page reviewed: January 19, 2012
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external