Volume 16, Number 7—July 2010
Research
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Associated with Novel Virus Strain, Uganda, 2007–2008
Joseph F. Wamala
, Luswa Lukwago, Mugagga Malimbo, Patrick Nguku, Zabulon Yoti, Monica Musenero, Jackson Amone, William Mbabazi, Miriam Nanyunja, Sam Zaramba, Alex Opio, Julius J. Lutwama, Ambrose O. Talisuna, and Sam I. Okware
, Luswa Lukwago, Mugagga Malimbo, Patrick Nguku, Zabulon Yoti, Monica Musenero, Jackson Amone, William Mbabazi, Miriam Nanyunja, Sam Zaramba, Alex Opio, Julius J. Lutwama, Ambrose O. Talisuna, and Sam I. Okware
Table 3
Bivariate analysis of risk factors for Ebola viral hemorrhagic fever, Bundibugyo district, Uganda, 2007–2008*
| Potential risk factor | Probable case, n = 74 | Confirmed case, n = 42 | Probable/confirmed case, n = 116 | Noncase, n = 76 (ref.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospitalized/visited hospital, no. (%) | 38 (51.40) | 36 (85.70) | 74 (63.79) | 31 (40.80) |
| OR (95% CI) | 1.5 (0.8–3.1) | 8.7 (3.0–26.3) | 2.6 (1.4–4.9) | 1 |
| p value |
0.2 |
<0.001 |
<0.05 |
|
| Consulted traditional healer, no. (%) | 1 (1.4) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 4 (5.3) |
| OR (95% CI) | 0.25 (0.01–2.4) | Undefined | 0.2 (0.01–1.5) | 1 |
| p value |
0.2 |
0.06 |
||
| Participated in funeral rituals, no. (%) | 43 (58.1) | 32 (76.2) | 75 (64.7) | 23 (30.2) |
| OR (95% CI) | 3.2 (1.6–6.6) | 7.4 (2.9–19.3) | 4.22 (2.2–8.2) | 1 |
| p value |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
|
| Traveled before illness, no. (%) | 29 (39.20) | 11 (26.20) | 40 (34.50) | 15 (19.74) |
| OR (95% CI) | 2.62 (1.2–5.8) | 1.4 (0.5–3.8) | 2.1 (1.0–4.5) | 1 |
| p value |
<0.05 |
0.03 |
||
| Had contact with person with known suspected case, no. (%) | 48 (64.90) | 42 (100.00) | 90 (77.60) | 43 (56.58) |
| OR (95% CI) | 1.4 (0.7–2.9) | Undefined | 2.7 (1.35–5.24) | 1 |
| p value |
0.3 |
<0.05 |
||
| Had contact with wildlife, no. (%) | 1 (1.4) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.3) |
| OR (95% CI) | 1.0 (0.0–38.4) | Undefined | 0.7 (0.02–24.30) | 1 |
| p value |
1.0 |
0.8 |
||
| Male sex, no. (%) | 40 (54.00) | 25 (59.52) | 65 (56.00) | 37 (29.31) |
| OR (95% CI) | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | 1.6 (0.7–3.6) | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | 1 |
| p value |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
| Age 41–60 y, no. (%) | 18 (24.30) | 16 (38.10) | 34 (0.90) | 18 (1.32) |
| OR (95% CI) | 1.0 (0.5–2.3) | 2.0 (0.8–4.9) | 1.3 (0.7–2.7) | 1 |
| p value | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
*Ref., reference; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Boldface indicates significant associations.
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