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Volume 21, Number 8—August 2015
Research

Susceptibility of Carrion Crows to Experimental Infection with Lineage 1 and 2 West Nile Viruses

Stephanie M. Lim, Aaron C. Brault, Geert van Amerongen, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth, Hannah Romo, Varsha D. Sewbalaksing, Richard A. Bowen, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus, Penelope Koraka1, and Byron E.E. Martina1Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (S.M. Lim, G. van Amerongen, V.D. Sewbalaksing, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, P. Koraka, B.E.E. Martina); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.C. Brault, A.M. Bosco-Lauth, H. Romo); Colorado State University, Fort Collins (R.A. Bowen); Artemis One Health Research Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, P. Koraka, B.E.E. Martina)

Main Article

Table 4

Immunohistochemical analysis of West Nile virus antigen distribution in experimentally infected carrion crows euthanized at 4 dpi*

Virus strain, bird no.
Heart
Liver
Spleen
Kidney
Bone marrow
Brain
Total score per bird
Average score per virus strain
No. positive organs/total no. organs
NY99-4132 9.0
1 ++ ++ + ++ 11.0 4/6
7

+
+
+/−
+

7.0

4/6
Nea Santa-Greece-2010 12.5
1 +/− ++ ++ + ++ +/− 13.0 6/6
7
+/−
++
++
+
++

12.0

5/6
Italy/2009/FIN 0
1 0 0/6
7






0

0/6
Ita09 8.0
1 +/− ++ ++ +/− + 10.0 5/6
7

++
ND
+/−
+

6.0

3/5
578/10 12.5
1 ++ ++ ++ +/− ++ 13.0 5/6
7
+/−
++
++
+
++

12.0

5/6
Score per organ
7.0
23.0
20.0
12.0
21.0
1.0



No. positive birds/total no. birds
5/10
8/10
7/9
8/10
8/10
1/10



*Subjective determinations of the amount of antigen in each organ were made: negative (−), minimal (+/−), moderate (+), or abundant (++). Each determination was given a score from 0 to 3: negative (0), minimal (1), moderate (2), and abundant (3). ND = not determined. dpi, days postinoculation; ND, not determined.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: July 14, 2015
Page updated: July 14, 2015
Page reviewed: July 14, 2015
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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