Markers of Disease Severity in Patients with Spanish Influenza in the Japanese Armed Forces, 1919–1920
Koichiro Kudo

, Toshie Manabe, Shinyu Izumi, Jin Takasaki, Yuji Fujikura, Akihiko Kawana, and Kenji Yamamoto
Author affiliations: Koto Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (K. Kudo); Waseda University Organization for Regional and Inter-regional Studies, Tokyo (K. Kudo, T. Manabe); Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo (T. Manabe); Tsukuba University Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan (T. Manabe); National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo (S. Izumi, J. Takasaki, K. Yamamoto); National Defence Medical College, Saitama, Japan (Y. Fujikura, A. Kawana); So-Yu Medical Foundation Institute of Medicine, Tokyo (K. Yamamoto)
Main Article
Table 2
Risk factors for length of hospitalization among 462 Spanish influenza survivors determined by the Cox proportional hazards model, Japan, 1919–1920*
Risk factor |
Hazard ratio (95% CI) |
p value |
Diphasic fever |
1.73 (1.33–2.25) |
<0.001 |
≥6 d of high fever from admission |
1.70 (1.29–2.25) |
<0.001 |
≥26 breaths/min on maximum respiration rate |
1.57 (1.19–2.06) |
<0.001 |
Adventitious discontinuous lung sounds |
1.56 (1.17–2.07) |
<0.001 |
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Page updated: March 16, 2017
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