Volume 26, Number 11—November 2020
Dispatch
Preventing Vector-Borne Transmission of Zika Virus Infection During Pregnancy, Puerto Rico, USA, 2016–20171
, Beatriz Salvesen von Essen, Lee Warner, Denise V. D’Angelo, Ruben A. Smith, Carrie K. Shapiro-Mendoza, Holly B. Shulman, Wanda Hernández Virella, Aspy Taraporewalla, Leslie Harrison, Sascha Ellington, Wanda D. Barfield, Denise J. Jamieson, Shanna Cox, Karen Pazol, Patricia Garcia Díaz, Beatriz Rios Herrera, and Manuel Vargas Bernal
Table 2
Adjusted weighted prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios of self-reported use of personal protective measures to prevent vector-borne transmission of Zika virus during pregnancy by maternal characteristics and provider counseling, PRAMS-ZPER, Puerto Rico, USA, 2016–2017*
| Maternal characteristics | Wore long sleeves and long pants every day |
Frequent mosquito repellent use† |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016, n = 2,238‡ |
2017, n = 1,365‡ |
2016, n = 2,241‡ |
2017, n = 1,375‡ |
||||||||
| %§ | aPR (95% CI)§ | %§ | aPR (95% CI)§ | %§ | aPR (95% CI)§ | %§ | aPR (95% CI)§ | ||||
| Total¶ |
11.3 |
NA |
7.9 |
NA |
45.4 |
NA |
56.9 |
NA |
|||
| Age, y | |||||||||||
| ≤19 | 7.8 | 0.46 (0.27–0.77)# | 8.3 | 0.62 (0.35–1.08) | 47.6 | 0.82 (0.68–0.99)# | 53.3 | 0.87 (0.73–1.04) | |||
| 20–34 | 11.1 | 0.65 (0.46–0.94)# | 7.1 | 0.52 (0.36–0.76)# | 43.5 | 0.75 (0.67–0.85)# | 56.6 | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | |||
| ≥35 |
17.0 |
Referent |
13.5 |
Referent |
57.9 |
Referent |
61.1 |
Referent |
|||
| Education level | |||||||||||
| <HS diploma | 20.2 | 2.03 (1.38–2.99)# | 8.0 | 1.14 (0.63–2.08) | 47.7 | 1.07 (0.90–1.26) | 60.3 | 1.09 (0.93–1.27) | |||
| HS diploma | 13.2 | 1.33 (1.01–1.73)# | 10.9 | 1.55 (1.13–2.14)# | 46.4 | 1.04 (0.93–1.15) | 60.6 | 1.09 (1.00–1.20) | |||
| >HS |
9.9 |
Referent |
7.0 |
Referent |
44.8 |
Referent |
55.5 |
Referent |
|||
| Marital status during pregnancy | |||||||||||
| Unmarried | 10.8 | 0.88 (0.68–1.14) | 8.6 | 1.31 (0.92–1.86) | 45.6 | 1.02 (0.92–1.12) | 57.4 | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) | |||
| Married |
12.3 |
Referent |
6.5 |
Referent |
44.8 |
Referent |
55.8 |
Referent |
|||
| Prenatal WIC participation | |||||||||||
| Yes | 11.2 | 0.93 (0.63–1.36) | 8.1 | 1.15 (0.73–1.81) | 46.6 | 1.29 (1.07–1.57)# | 58.4 | 1.20 (1.07–1.35)# | |||
| No |
12.1 |
Referent |
7.0 |
Referent |
36.0 |
Referent |
48.5 |
Referent |
|||
| Receipt of provider counseling on types of clothes to wear to prevent mosquito | |||||||||||
| Yes | 11.3 | 0.99 (0.73–1.35) | 8.2 | 1.15 (0.79–1.68) | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| No |
11.4 |
Referent |
7.1 |
Referent |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|||
| Receipt of provider counseling on using mosquito repellent | |||||||||||
| Yes | NA | NA | NA | NA | 46.1 | 1.23 (1.05–1.46)# | 58.9 | 1.52 (1.29–1.78)# | |||
| No | NA | NA | NA | NA | 37.3 | Referent | 38.8 | Referent | |||
*On the 2016 PRAMS-ZPER survey, women were asked about receiving counseling from a healthcare provider about using mosquito repellent on their skin only. On the 2017 PRAMS-ZPER survey, the question was expanded to ask about mosquito repellent on their skin or clothing. aPR, adjusted prevalence ratio; HS, high school; NA, not applicable; PRAMS-ZPER, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System–Zika Postpartum Emergency Response Study; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. †Defined as every day use in 2016 and always use in 2017. ‡Unweighted sample size; sample size varies because of missing responses. §Prevalence and prevalence ratio estimates adjusted for maternal age, education, marital status, prenatal WIC participation, receipt of provider counseling, infant birth month, and health district region (Aguadilla, Arecibo, Bayamon, Caguas, Fajardo, Mayaguez, Metro, or Ponce). ¶Unadjusted prevalence estimates. #Statistically significant result.
1Presented in part at the 2018 CityMatCH Leadership and MCH Epidemiology Conference, Portland, Oregon, September 12–14, 2018.