Table 2

Risk Areas for Influenza A(H5) Environmental Contamination in Live Bird Markets, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Shovon Chakma

, Muzaffar G. Osmani, Holy Akwar, Zakiul Hasan, Tanzinah Nasrin, Md Rezaul Karim, Mohammed Abdus Samad, Mohammad Giasuddin, Peter Sly, Zahir Islam, Nitish Chandra Debnath, Eric Brum, and Ricardo Soares Magalhães

Author affiliations: Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh (S. Chakma, H. Akwar, Z. Hasan, T. Nasrin, N.C. Debnath, E. Brum); The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S. Chakma, P. Sly, Z. Islam, R. Soares Magalhães); Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka (M.G. Osmani); Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Bangladesh (M. Rezaul Karim, M. Abdus Samad, M. Giasuddin)

Main Article

Risk factors associated with live bird market work zone–specific influenza A (H5) virus environmental contamination patterns, Dhaka, Bangladesh, January–March 2016*

Model and selected market-level factors	ASE–positive		S only–positive		SE- or AS-positive		Other positive		AIC
Model and selected market-level factors	RRR	p value	RRR	p value	RRR	p value	RRR	p value	AIC
Univariable model
Month of sample collection; reference: January									758.5424
February	7.37 (1.93–28.24)	0.004	0.49 (0.15–1.60)	0.237	0.41 (0.14–1.18)	0.098	0.55 (0.22–1.36)	0.197
March	10.14 (2.09–49.30)	0.004	2.03 (0.80–5.12)	0.134	3.38 (1.34–8.53)	0.010	2.30 (1.01–5.27)	0.048
Multivariable model
Month of sample collection; reference: January									727.5063
February	7.89 (1.92–32.39)	0.004	0.55 (0.16–1.94)	0.356	0.44 (0.14–1.41)	0.168	0.60 (0.24–1.52)	0.282
March	11.14 (2.16–57.57)	0.004	2.22 (0.81–6.10)	0.121	4.46 (1.59–12.48)	0.004	2.55 (1.05–6.19)	0.038
Total no. poultry head in the market; reference: >1,000
501–1,000	1.23 (0.33–4.68)	0.757	0.54 (0.15–1.92)	0.338	0.56 (0.19–1.65)	0.295	0.50 (0.16–1.56)	0.233
1–500	0.87 (0.24–3.19)	0.830	1.55 (0.60–3.98)	0.363	0.58 (0.19–1.73)	0.328	1.07 (0.45–2.54)	0.880
Weekly market closure >1 day	0.35 (0.09–1.43)	0.145	0.56 (0.20–1.57)	0.274	1.08 (0.48–2.41)	0.850	0.53 (0.22–1.25)	0.144
Presence of roof	2.75 (0.59–12.75)	0.196	0.55 (0.20–1.54)	0.257	0.72 (0.20–2.57)	0.613	0.55 (0.25–1.20)	0.133
Sale of poultry to other vendors	1.05 (0.31–3.54)	0.933	2.26 (0.94–5.43)	0.069	1.33 (0.53–3.37)	0.542	1.38 (0.58–3.31)	0.470
Sale of products other than poultry (e.g., fish, red meat)	2.96 (0.67–13.16)	0.153	0.93 (0.38–2.27)	0.872	0.82 (0.32–2.10)	0.681	0.90 (0.40–2.02)	0.793
Market location; reference: DSCC	1.34 (0.44–4.03)	0.605	1.06 (0.42–2.64)	0.901	0.87 (0.38–2.00)	0.749	0.93 (0.43–2.01)	0.855

*A, arrival zone; AIC, Akaike information criterion; DSCC, Dhaka South City Corporation; E, consumer exposure or sales zone; RRR, relative risk ratio; S, slaughtering and processing zone.

Main Article

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