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Volume 28, Number 2—February 2022
Perspective

Viral Interference between Respiratory Viruses

Jocelyne Piret and Guy BoivinComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec‒Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada

Main Article

Table 2

Potential viral interferences between respiratory viruses*

Interfering virus Second virus Observed effect in patients, animal models, and ex vivo systems Results and statistical significance Reference
pH1N1 H3N2 Prevents A(H3N2) shedding in ferret model No H3N2 virus shedding (17)
IBV
 Prevents or delays IBV shedding in ferret model
 Peak delayed by 1.8 d (p = 0.014)
 (17)
IAV RSV Reduced likelihood of co-detection in patients OR 0.11 (95% CI 0.00–0.92) (18)
Reduced likelihood of co-detection in patients OR 0.37 (95% CI 0.24–0.57) (19)
Prevents or delays RSV shedding in ferret model
 Peak delayed by 2 d (p = 0.009)
 (3)
RSV HMPV Reduced likelihood of co-detection in patients OR 0.27 (95% CI 0.09–0.80) (19)
Reduces HMPV replication in HAEC model
 By 1 or 2 log after 5 d (p<0.05)
 (20)
HRV IAV Reduced likelihood of co-detection in patients OR 0.06 (95% CI 0.01–0.24) (18)
Reduced likelihood of co-detection in patients OR 0.08 (95% CI 0.02–0.30) (21)
Reduced likelihood of co-detection in patients OR 0.15 (95% CI 0.04–0.53) (22)
Reduced likelihood of co-detection in patients OR 0.16 (95% CI 0.09–0.28) (23)
Reduces IAV replication in HAEC model
 >15-fold after 24 h (p = 0.0002)
 (23)
RSV HRV Reduced infection rate with HRV in patients 8% vs. 14% (p<0.049) (24)
Reduced likelihood of co-infection in patients OR 0.17 (95% CI 0.09–0.33) (18)
TCRI study OR 0.30 (95% CI 0.22‒0.40) (25)
INSPIRE study OR 0.18 (95% CI 0.11–0.28) (25)
MAKI trial
 OR  0.34 (95% CI 0.16–0.72)
 (25)
HRV SARS-CoV-2 Reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication in HAEC model By 3 log after 48 h (p = 0.006) (26)
By 3.5 log after 72 h (p<0.0001) (27)

*HAEC, human airway epithelial cells; HMPV, human metapneumovirus; HRV, human rhinovirus; IAV, influenza A virus; IBV, influenza B virus; INSPIRE, Infant Susceptibility to Pulmonary Infections and Asthma Following RSV Exposure (in a region of the southeastern United States); MAKI, trial on the effects of RSV prophylaxis with palivuzimab in healthy preterm infants in the Netherlands; OR, odds ratio; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TCRI, Tennessee Children’s Respiratory Initiative.

Main Article

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