Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 28, Number 2—February 2022
Research

Comparison of Complications after Coronavirus Disease and Seasonal Influenza, South Korea

Hyejin Lee1, Ho Kyung Sung1, Dokyoung Lee1, Yeonmi Choi, Ji Yoon Lee, Jin Yong Lee2Comments to Author , and Myoung-don Oh2Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea (H. Lee); National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (H.K. Sung, M. Oh); Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service Research Institute, Wonju-si, South Korea (D. Lee, Y. Choi, J.Y. Lee, J.Y. Lee); Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul (J.Y. Lee); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul (J.Y. Lee, M. Oh)

Main Article

Table 2

Frequency and incidence rate of complications among COVID-19 and influenza patients, South Korea*

Complications Frequency†
 Incidence‡
 Rate ratio (95% CI)§
COVID-19 Influenza p value¶ COVID-19 Influenza
Total
 4,139/21,615 (19.1)
 678,845/2,380,696 (28.5)
 <0.001
NA
 NA
 NA
Gastrointestinal disease 856/12,089 (7.1) 138,926/1,487,277 (9.3) <0.001 11.39 14.57 0.78 (0.73–0.84)
Musculoskeletal disorder 772/9,712 (7.9) 104,663/1,512,773 (6.9) <0.001 13.24 17.57 0.75 (0.70–0.81)
Periodontal disease 953/7,121 (13.4) 182,738/1,112,593 (16.4) <0.001 15.61 24.02 0.65 (0.61–0.70)
Skin disease 797/14,638 (5.4) 153,928/1,358,895 (11.3) <0.001 9.56 10.70 0.89 (0.82–0.98)
Hair loss 67/21,364 (0.3) 5,643/2,358,346 (0.2) 0.02 0.46 0.30 1.52 (1.18–1.97)
Asthma 99/20,372 (0.5) 61,699/1,990,519 (3.1) <0.001 0.80 2.20 0.36 (0.28–0.47)
COPD 33/21,416 (0.2) 4,048/2,362,939 (0.2) 0.54 0.18 0.23 0.79 (0.54–1.15)
Pneumonia 419/20,189 (2.1) 82,460/1,895,100 (4.4) <0.001 3.0 2.94 1.02 (0.90–1.16)
Cardiovascular disease 88/20,849 (0.4) 7,930/2,333,972 (0.3) 0.42 0.56 0.54 1.05 (0.83–1.32)
Heart failure 73/21,306 (0.3) 3,602/2,365,516 (0.2) <0.001 0.34 0.18 1.88 (1.42–2.50)
Cerebrovascular disease 64/21,001 (0.3) 5,020/2,353,824 (0.2) 0.004 0.34 0.28 1.21 (0.91–1.60)
Autoimmune disease 119/20,759 (0.6) 13,813/2,307,629 (0.6) 0.64 0.87 0.84 1.03 (0.86–1.25)
Mood disorder 381/19,916 (1.9) 23,993/2,279,373 (1.1) <0.001 2.80 1.61 1.73 (1.56–1.93)
Dementia 106/20,921 (0.5) 5,534/2,358,412 (0.2) <0.001 0.40 0.21 1.96 (1.52–2.55)

*COPD, chronic obstruction pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease; NA, not applicable. †The numerator is the number of persons who experienced complications in the disease-free population and the denominator is the number of persons who did not have a history of the selected complication within a 3-y period before COVID-19 or influenza infection. The proportion is cumulative incidence. ‡Age-standardized incidence (cases per 1,000 person-months) for COVID-19 was divided by the standardized incidence rate for influenza and standardized to the 2020 population. §Rate ratios are standardized to the 2020 population. ¶χ2 tests were performed to assess the difference in proportion between COVID-19 and influenza patients.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2These corresponding authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: December 08, 2021
Page updated: January 22, 2022
Page reviewed: January 22, 2022
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external