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Volume 28, Number 3—March 2022
Dispatch

Long-Term Symptoms among COVID-19 Survivors in Prospective Cohort Study, Brazil

Lívia P. Bonifácio, Viviane N.F. Csizmar, Francisco Barbosa-Júnior, Ana P.S. Pereira, Marcel Koenigkam-Santos, Danilo T. Wada, Gilberto G. Gaspar, Felipe S. Carvalho, Valdes R. Bollela, Rodrigo C. Santana, João P. Souza, and Fernando Bellissimo-RodriguesComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Ribeirão Preto Medical School Social Medicine Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P. Bonifácio, V.N.F. Csizmar, F. Barbosa-Júnior, A.P.S. Pereira, J.P. Souza, F. Bellissimo-Rodrigues); Ribeirão Preto Medical School Department of Medical Images, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (M. Koenigkam-Santos, D.T. Wada); Ribeirão Preto Medical School Infectious and Tropical Diseases Division of Internal Medicine Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (G.G. Gaspar, F.S. Carvalho, V.R. Bollela, R.C. Santana)

Main Article

Table 1

Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics among 175 patients surviving the acute phase of COVID-19, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil*

Characteristic COVID-19 severity
Mild/moderate, n = 35 (20%) Severe, n = 80 (45.7%) Critical, n = 60 (34.3%) Total, n = 175
Sex
M 7 (20) 36 (45) 42 (70) 85 (48.6)
F
28 (80)
44 (55)
18 (30)
90 (51.4)
Mean age, y (SD)
44.9 (+10.3)
57.1 (+15.3)
54.2 (+13.2)
53.7 (+14.4)
Ethnic background†
White (Caucasian or Latin) 19 (54.3) 36 (45) 25 (41.7) 80 (45.7)
Afro-American (Brown) 10 (28.6) 34 (42.5) 26 (43.3) 70 (40)
Afro-American (Black) 6 (17.1) 8 (10) 6 (10) 20 (11.4)
Asiatic 0 1 (1.3) 2 (3.3) 3 (1.7)
Brazilian Indigenous
0
1 (1.3)
1 (1.7)
2 (1.1)
Mean years of schooling (SD)
13.4 (+5.7)
8.1 (+5.5)
8.3 (+5.4)
9.2 (+5.9)
Mean income/person, USD (SD)‡ 407.33 (+313.60) 273.01 (+295,85) 229.33 (+210.40) 285.57 (+279.56)
Median
364.01
200.21‡
182.01‡
216.77‡
Currently works as a health professional
Yes 23 (65.7) 8 (10) 2 (3.3) 33 (18.9)
No
12 (34.3)
72 (90)
58 (96.7)
142 (81.1)
Mean BMI (SD)§ 31.8 (+7.5) 32.1 (+7.3)§ 31.1 (+7.5) 31.7 (+7.3)§
BMI >30§
17 (48.6)
44 (56.4)§
23 (38.3)
84 (48.6)§
Underlying conditions
None 16 (45.7) 16 (20) 10 (16.7) 42 (24.0)
Hypertension 9 (25.7) 35 (43.8) 21 (35) 65 (37.1)
Diabetes 1 (2.9) 26 (32.5) 22 (36.7) 49 (28.0)
Dyslipidemia 2 (5.7) 12 (15) 12 (20) 26 (14.8)
Heart problems (other than hypertension) 1 (2.9) 10 (12.5) 8 (13.3) 19 (10.9)
Rhinitis or sinusitis 3 (8.6) 7 (8.8) 7 (11.7) 17 (9.7)
Cancer 1 (2.9) 9 (11.3) 1 (1.7) 11 (6.3)
Thyroid problems 0 4 (5) 6 (10) 10 (5.7)
Depression or anxiety
1 (2.9)
6 (7.5)
3 (5)
10 (5.7)
Smoking
Current 0 (0) 2 (2.5) 0 2 (1.1)
Previous
2 (5.71)
18 (22.5)
19 (31.7)
39 (22.3)
Hospitalization
Yes 10 (28.6) 80 (100) 60 (100) 150 (85.7)
No
25 (71.4)
0
0
25 (14.3)
Mean duration of hospitalization, d (SD) 5 (+4) 9.9 (+5.2) 24.1 (+11.1) 15.3 (+10.9)
Median 4 9 20.5 12

*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. BMI, body mass index; COVID-19, coronavirus disease. †Ethnic background information was self-reported and consisted of Latin American, Caucasian, Afro-American, Asian, and Brazilian indigenous persons. ‡$1 US = R $5,49. Data on financial income by person were missing for 3 participants. §BMI data were missing for 2 participants.

Main Article

Page created: December 27, 2021
Page updated: February 21, 2022
Page reviewed: February 21, 2022
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