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Volume 28, Number 4—April 2022
Research

Molecular Surveillance for Imported Antimicrobial Resistant Plasmodium falciparum, Ontario, Canada

Ruwandi Kariyawasam, Rachel Lau, Eric Shao, Katherine Tan, Adrienne Showler, Filip Ralevski, Samir N. Patel, and Andrea K. BoggildComments to Author 
Author affiliations: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (R. Kariyawasam); Alberta Precision Labs-Public Health, Edmonton (R. Kariyawasam); Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R. Lau, F. Ralevski, S.N. Patel); University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario (E. Shao); University of Toronto, Toronto (K. Tan, A. Showler, S.N. Patel, A.K. Boggild); Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA (A. Showler); Toronto General Hospital, Toronto (A. Showler, A.K. Boggild)

Main Article

Table 2

Traveler characteristics by time period in which P. falciparum infection was detected, Ontario, Canada*

Characteristic Total, N = 243 2008–2009, n = 75 2013–2014, n = 79 2017–2018, n = 89 p value
Age, y, mean (SD) †
 39.2 (18.3)
 40.9 (17.1)
 38.0 (16.6)
 38.9 (20.6)
 0.61
Sex‡ 0.47
F 66 (27.1) 18 (24.0) 19 (24.0) 29 (32.6)
M 169 (69.5) 53 (70.7) 57 (72.2) 59 (66.3)
Unknown
 8 (3.3)
 4 (5.3)
 3 (3.8)
 1 (1.1)
Parasitemia, %, median, (range)§
 0.3 (<0.1–24.0)
 0.3 (<0.1–17.8)
 0.3 (<0.1–12.0)
 0.7 (<0.1–24.0)
 0.1
Region of acquisition, no. (%)¶ 0.14
West Africa 81 (33.3) 20 (26.7) 17 (21.5) 38 (42.7)
Nigeria# 40 (16.5) 10 (13.3) 8 (10.1) 22 (24.7)
East Africa 18 (7.4) 4 (5.3) 8 (10.1) 6 (6.7)
Sudan** 7 (2.9) 1 (0.25) 5 (6.3) 1 (1.1)
Africa, other 3 (1.2) 1 (1.3) 1 (1.3) 1 (1.1)
Africa, not otherwise specified 30 (12.3) 11 (14.7) 12 (15.2) 7 (7.9)
Caribbean, Dominican Republic 1 (0.4) 1 (1.3) 0 0
Southeast Asia 5 (2.1) 0 4 (5.1) 1 (1.1)
South America: Guyana 1 (0.4) 0 0 1 (1.1)
Unknown 104 (42.8) 33 (44) 36 (45.6) 35 (39.3)

*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. †Age was missing for 4 patients in 2008–2009, 1 patient in 2013–2014, and 1 patient in 2017–2018. ‡Sex was missing for 4 patients in 2008–2009, 3 patients in 2013–2014, and 1 patient in 2017–2018. §Parasitemia was missing for 2 patients in 2008–2009. ¶West Africa: Congo, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Togo, Senegal, and Sierra Leone; East Africa: Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda; Africa, other: Zambia, Libya, and South Africa; Africa not otherwise specified: travel to multiple regions in Africa, or specific destination within Africa not reported. #Top West Africa source country. **Top East Africa source country.

Main Article

Page created: March 08, 2022
Page updated: March 19, 2022
Page reviewed: March 19, 2022
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