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Volume 29, Number 10—October 2023
Research

Comprehensive Case–Control Study of Protective and Risk Factors for Buruli Ulcer, Southeastern Australia

Bridgette J. McNamaraComments to Author , Kim R. Blasdell, Arvind Yerramilli, Ina L. Smith, Simone L. Clayton, Michael Dunn, Ee Laine Tay, Katherine B. Gibney, Nilakshi T. Waidyatillake, Mohammad A. Hussain, Michael Muleme, Daniel P. O’Brien1, and Eugene Athan1
Author affiliations: Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (B.J. McNamara, A. Yerramilli, M.A. Hussain, M. Muleme, D.P. O’Brien, E. Athan); University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.J. McNamara, K.B. Gibney, N.T. Waidyatillake, D.P. O’Brien); Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong (K.R. Blasdell, S.L. Clayton, M. Dunn); Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia (I.L. Smith); Department of Health, Melbourne (E.L. Tay); Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne (K.B. Gibney); Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia (N.T. Waidyatillake, E. Athan)

Main Article

Table

Characteristics of patients and disease manifestations in comprehensive case–control study of protective and risk factors for Buruli ulcer, southeastern Australia*

Characteristics Cases, n = 245 Controls, n = 481
Age group, y
18–39 35 (14) 38 (8)
40–59 68 (28) 125 (26)
60–79 123 (50) 278 (58)
>80
 19 (8)
 40 (8)
Sex
F 104 (42) 266 (55)
M
 141 (58)
 215 (45)
Employment status†
Employed 124 (51) 211 (44)
Unpaid employment, unemployed 19 (8) 18 (4)
Retired
 100 (41)
 249 (52)
Notification dates
Summer, Dec–Feb 26 (11) NA
Autumn, Mar–May 18 (7) NA
Winter, Jun–Aug 107 (44) NA
Spring, Sep–Nov
 94 (38)
 NA
Duration of symptoms before diagnosis, wk
Median (IQR) 5 (3–12) NA
Missing data
 21 (9)
 NA
Days from notification to questionnaire completion
Median (IQR)
 56 (38–90)
 NA
Insect bite/wound/injury to area before ulcer developed
Yes 99 (40) NA
No 42 (17) NA
Unsure 88 (36) NA
Missing data
 16 (7)
 NA
Type of bite/wound/injury in area before ulcer developed, n = 99
Insect bite 51 (52) NA
Wound/injury 30 (30) NA
Mixed 6 (6) NA
Other, unsure/missing data
 12 (12)
 NA
Time from wound/bite to ulcer, if yes, n = 87
Median, weeks (IQR) 6 (3–13) NA

*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable. †Unpaid employment included students and persons with home duties.

Main Article

1These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: July 19, 2023
Page updated: September 20, 2023
Page reviewed: September 20, 2023
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