Table 3

Compliance Trajectory and Patterns of COVID-19 Preventive Measures, Japan, 2020–2022

Taro Kusama, Kenji Takeuchi

, Yudai Tamada, Sakura Kiuchi, Ken Osaka, and Takahiro Tabuchi

Author affiliations: Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan (T. Kusama, K. Takeuchi, Y. Tamada, S. Kiuchi, K. Osaka); Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (K. Takeuchi, Y. Tamada); Tohoku University Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Sendai (S. Kiuchi); Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan (T. Tabuchi); The Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan (T. Tabuchi)

Main Article

Trends in associations between preventive behaviors and participant characteristics (n = 82,201 responses) in study of compliance trajectory and patterns of COVID-19 preventive measures, Japan, 2020–2022*

Preventive behavior	Per wave†	JASTIS‡	Women§	Older age¶	Higher education#	Higher equivalent income**	High population density††
Mask wearing	+	–	+ + +	+	NS	+	NS
Ventilation	NS	– – –	+ + +	+	+	NS	+
Social distancing	+	−	+ +	+	+	NS	+
Avoiding crowds	NS	−	+ + +	+	+	NS	+
Hand sanitation	+	NS	+ + +	NS	NS	+	NS
Hand washing	+	–	+ + +	NS	NS	+	NS
Gargling	NS	+	+ +	NS	+	NS	+ +
Respiratory hygiene	+	–	+ + +	NS	+	+	–
Avoiding touching face	+	NS	+ + +	+	+	+	+
Surface sanitation	–	+	+ +	–	NS	+	NS
Avoiding travel	NS	NS	+ + +	+	–	–	–
Avoiding going out	–	–	+ + +	+	+	–	–
Avoiding talking closely	+	–	+ +	+	+	NS	+
Avoiding high-risk person	+	–	+ + +	+	NS	NS	NS

*p value for trend was <0.05. +, 0%–5% difference; + +, >5%–10% difference; + + +, >10% difference; –, indicates >–5% to 0% difference; – –, indicates –10% to –5% difference; – – –, indicates <–10% difference. Differences were estimated by increments within each category. JACSIS, Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey; JASTIS, Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey; NS, not significant. †Surveys were conducted in 4 waves: August 25–September 30, 2020 (JACSIS2020); February 8–26, 2021 (JASTIS2021); September 27–October 29, 2021 (JACSIS2021); and February 1–28, 2022 (JASTIS2022). ‡Referent was JACSIS. §Referent was men. ¶Age was treated as a continuous variable (i.e., 20–29 y = 1, 30–39 y = 2, 40–49 y = 3, 50–59 y = 4, 60–69 = 5, 70–79 = 6); associations were estimated according to an incremental increase in age. #Participants who answered as other for education were excluded. Education was treated as a continuous variable (i.e., junior high school, high school = 1, vocational school, junior college = 2, university, graduate school = 3); associations were estimated according to an incremental increase in education level. **Participants who did not answer income question were excluded. Equivalent income (million yen) was treated as a continuous variable (i.e., <2.00 = 1, 2.00–3.99 = 2, 4.00–5.99 = 3, >6.00 = 4); associations were estimated according to an incremental increase in income. ††Top 20% of residential prefecture population density. Referent was low (<80%) density.

Main Article

Page created: June 29, 2023

Page updated: August 20, 2023

Page reviewed: August 20, 2023

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