Volume 20, Number 8—August 2014
Research
Human Exposure to Live Poultry and Psychological and Behavioral Responses to Influenza A(H7N9), China
Table 2
Exposure to live poultry and attitudes toward closure of LPMs among participants recruited in urban areas for surveys related to influenza A(H7N9) awareness, by area, China, 2013*
| Exposure | No. (%) persons |
p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chengdu, n = 500 | Guangzhou, n = 500 | Shanghai, n = 500 | Shenyang, n = 504 | Wuhan, n = 500 | ||
| Frequency of LPM visits in the previous year | <0.001 | |||||
| >1 |
183 (36.6) |
237 (47.4) |
161 (32.2) |
97 (19.2) |
151 (30.2) |
|
| No. live poultry bought in the previous year† | <0.001 | |||||
| 1–2/y | 33 (18.0) | 32 (13.5) | 25 (15.5) | 35 (36.1) | 25 (16.6) | |
| 3–5/y | 31 (16.9) | 27 (11.4) | 30 (18.6) | 23 (23.7) | 28 (18.5) | |
| 6–11/y | 27 (14.8) | 25 (10.5) | 23 (14.3) | 4 (4.1) | 23 (15.2) | |
| 1–3/mo | 33 (18.0) | 56 (23.6) | 32 (19.9) | 10 (10.3) | 29 (19.2) | |
| 1–2/wk | 19 (10.4) | 49 (20.7) | 20 (12.4) | 2 (2.1) | 19 (12.6) | |
| 3–5/wk | 2 (1.1) | 8 (3.4) | 2 (1.2) | 0 | 2 (1.3) | |
| Almost every day | 2 (1.1) | 4 (1.7) | 2 (1.2) | 0 | 2 (1.3) | |
| Almost none |
36 (19.7) |
36 (15.2) |
27 (16.8) |
23 (23.7) |
23 (15.2) |
|
| Pick up live poultry before buying‡ | <0.001 | |||||
| Yes |
120 (81.6) |
136 (67.7) |
94 (69.6) |
38 (51.4) |
97 (75.8) |
|
| Where did you slaughter the live poultry?§ | 0.601 | |||||
| In LPM | 123 (83.7) | 175 (87.1) | 119 (88.1) | 66 (89.2) | 113 (88.3) | |
| In household | 22 (15.0) | 23 (11.4) | 15 (11.1) | 6 (8.1) | 13 (10.2) | |
| Other places |
2 (1.4) |
3 (1.5) |
1 (0.7) |
2 (2.7) |
2 (1.6) |
|
| Not buying or buying less since March 2013¶ | <0.001 | |||||
| Yes |
101 (68.7) |
139 (69.2) |
123 (91.1) |
59 (79.7) |
104 (81.3) |
|
| Views toward closure of LPMs# | 0.06 | |||||
| Agree |
37 (25.2) |
54 (26.9) |
53 (39.3) |
25 (33.8) |
35 (27.3) |
|
| Closure caused any inconvenience** | ||||||
| More inconvenient |
NA |
NA |
45 (31.5) |
NA |
NA |
|
| Distance of nearest LPM from home, km | <0.001 | |||||
| <0.50 | 12 (13.3) | 39 (31.0) | 21 (18.9) | 5 (13.5) | 6 (15.0) | |
| 0.51–1.00 | 23 (25.6) | 42 (33.3) | 32 (28.8) | 4 (10.8) | 10 (25.0) | |
| 1.01–2.00 | 16 (17.8) | 20 (15.9) | 16 (14.4) | 6 (16.2) | 7 (17.5) | |
| >2.00 |
39 (43.3) |
25 (19.8) |
42 (37.8) |
22 (59.5) |
17 (42.5) |
|
| Backyard poultry exposure | 73 (14.6) | 76 (15.2) | 34 (6.8) | 37 (7.3) | 54 (10.8) | <0.001 |
*LPM, live poultry market; NA, not applicable.
†Respondents who bought live poultry ≥1/year were further asked about the number of live poultry bought in the previous year, picking up poultry or not before buying, locations where poultry was slaughtered, and changes in poultry purchase behavior since influenza A(H7N9) outbreak.
‡Respondents who answered always/usually to the question “Did you pick up poultry for examination before deciding to buy it?” were categorized as “Yes.”
§Respondents who stated that they always/usually have live poultry slaughtered in LPMs were categorized as “In LPM,” whereas those who answered always/usually in household were categorized as “in household.”
¶Respondents who answered not buying since then/still buying but less than before to the question “Has your habit of buying live poultry changed since H7N9 was identified in China in March 2013?” were categorized as “Yes.”
#Respondents who answered strongly agree/agree to the question “Would you agree to permanent closure of live poultry markets in order to control avian influenza epidemics?” were categorized as “Agree.”
**Respondents who reported that market closure caused great/some inconvenience were categorized as “More inconvenient.” This question was only asked of respondents in Shanghai because Shanghai was the only area where LPMs were closed at the time of the survey.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.