Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016
Research

Factors Associated with Loss to Follow-up during Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, the Philippines, 2012–2014

Thelma E. TupasiComments to Author , Anna Marie Celina G. Garfin, Ekaterina V. Kurbatova, Joan M. Mangan, Ruth Orillaza-Chi, Leilani C. Naval, Glenn I. Balane, Ramon Basilio, Alexander Golubkov, Evelyn S. Joson, Woo-jin Lew, Vivian Lofranco, Mariquita Mantala, Stuart Pancho, and Jesus N. Sarol
Author affiliations: Tropical Disease Foundation, Inc., Makati City, the Philippines (T.E. Tupasi, L.C. Naval, G.I. Balane, E.S. Joson, J.N. Sarol Jr.); Department of Health, Manila, the Philippines (A.M.C.G. Garfin, R. Basilio); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.V. Kurbatova, J.M. Mangan); Philippine Business for Social Progress–Innovations and Multisectoral Partnership to Achieve Control of Tuberculosis Project, Manila (R. Orillaza-Chi); US Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA (A. Golubkov); World Health Organization Philippines, Manila (W.-j. Lew); The Lung Center of the Philippines, Manila (V. Lofranco, S. Pancho); Technical Assistance to the Countries–USAID-funded activity, Manila (M. Mantala)

Main Article

Table 7

Univariate analysis of social factors associated with loss to follow-up during treatment for multidrug-resistant TB, the Philippines, 2012–2014*

Category Total Case-patients† Control-patients† Odds ratio (95% CI) p value
Distance between participant's home and treatment center, intensive phase of treatment
Comparison 1
0 to <1 km 23 7 (23.3) 16 (31.4) 0.67 (0.24–1.87) 0.44
1 to <5 km (referent) 58 23 (76.7) 35 (68.6) 1.00
Comparison 2
5 to <10 km 46 13 (36.1) 33 (48.5) 0.6 (0.26–1.37) 0.23
1 to <5 km (referent) 58 23 (63.9) 35 (51.5) 1.00
Comparison 3
>10 km 104 38 (62.3) 66 (65.3) 0.88 (0.45–1.7) 0.69
1 to <5 km (referent) 58 23 (37.7) 35 (34.7) 1.00
Comparison 4
Not sure/don't know 42 10 (30.3) 32 (47.8) 0.48 (0.2–1.15) 0.10
1 to <5 km (referent)
 58
 23 (69.7)
 35 (52.2)
 1.00
Usual mode of transportation/transportation used to cover the greatest distance traveling to the treatment center, intensive phase of treatment
Walk
Yes 37 19 (20.9) 18 (9.9) 2.4 (1.19–4.85) 0.01
No 236 72 (79.1) 164 (90.1) 1.00
Public transportation
Yes 239 79 (86.8) 160 (87.9) 0.91 (0.43–1.92) 0.80
No 34 12 (13.2) 22 (12.1) 1.00
Personal vehicle
Yes 16 6 (6.6) 10 (5.5) 1.21 (0.43–3.45) 0.72
No
 257
 85 (93.4)
 172 (94.5)
 1.00
Major challenges when traveling to the treatment center, intensive phase of treatment
The center was far away
Yes 141 52 (57.8) 89 (48.9) 1.43 (0.86–2.38) 0.17
No 131 38 (42.2) 93 (51.1) 1.00
Did not always have money for transportation
Yes 193 71 (78) 122 (67.4) 1.72 (0.96–3.08) 0.07
No 79 20 (22) 59 (32.6) 1.00
Did not have the time to go for treatment
Yes 36 18 (19.8) 18 (9.9) 2.23 (1.1–4.54) 0.02
No 236 73 (80.2) 163 (90.1) 1.00
Going for treatment caused problems with work or school
Yes 81 33 (36.3) 48 (26.5) 1.58 (0.92–2.71) 0.10
No 191 58 (63.7) 133 (73.5) 1.00
Did not have anyone to go with
Yes 52 24 (26.4) 28 (15.4) 1.97 (1.06–3.65) 0.03
No 221 67 (73.6) 154 (84.6) 1.00
The center’s hours were not convenient
Yes 23 11 (12.1) 12 (6.6) 1.95 (0.82–4.6) 0.12
No
 250
 80 (87.9)
 170 (93.4)
 1.00
Minutes to travel from home to treatment center, intensive phase of treatment 272 51.00 (43.56)‡ 54.16 (45.03)‡ 1.00 (0.99–1.00)§ 0.583
Minutes to travel from home to treatment center, continuation phase of treatment 198 22.25 (15.93)‡ 31.07 (36.94)‡ 0.99 (0.97–1.01)§ 0.057
Patient self-stigmatization 272 6.20 (2.76)‡ 5.66 (2.44)‡ 1.09 (0.98–1.20)§ 0.104

*Boldface indicates significance. TB, tuberculosis.
†No. (%) unless noted otherwise.
‡Mean (SD).
§Odds ratio is per 1 point increase in unit.

Main Article

Page created: February 18, 2016
Page updated: February 18, 2016
Page reviewed: February 18, 2016
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external