Epidemic Dynamics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Illness in a Hotspot of Disease Emergence, Galicia, Spain
Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
, Joaquin Trinanes, Michel Abanto, Antonio Lozano-Leon, Jose Llovo-Taboada, Marta Garcia-Campello, Anxela Pousa, Andy Powell, Craig Baker-Austin, and Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona
Author affiliations: Centre for Environment Fisherie,s and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK (J. Martinez-Urtaza, A. Powell, C. Baker-Austin); Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J. Trinanes); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA (J. Trinanes); University of Miami, Miami (J. Trinanes); University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile (M. Abanto); Laboratory ASMECRUZ, Bueu, Spain (A. Lozano-Leon); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (J. Llovo-Taboada); Complexo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain (M. Garcia-Campello); Direccion Xeral de Innovación e Xestión da Saúde Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Galicia, Spain (A. Pousa, A. Powell); US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA (N. Gonzalez-Escalona)
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Figure 3
Figure 3. Recent environmental warming trends in Galicia, Spain, 1982–2016. Trends in the mean values of SST were estimated using daily SST data from a coastal area defined by the coordinates 42°–43°N and 8.5°–9.5°W. A) Mean SST records show stepwise changes rather than a linear pattern. Two regime shifts occurred in June 1994 (0.4°C warming) and June 2014 (0.7°C), which correspond with the first emergence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus cases and the epidemiologic shifts observed for 2015 and 2016. B) Number of days with SST >18°C (blue dot), 5-year moving average (blue line), and regression line (yellow line); slope is of ≈1 d/y (e.g., gaining 1 d/y). C) Mean SST data for Galicia for 2 periods, demonstrating the generalized warming and expansion of season with favorable conditions for sustaining Vibrio organisms in the environment and hence increasing risk of infection. SST, sea surface temperature.
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