Volume 25, Number 4—April 2019
Dispatch
Enterovirus A71 Phenotypes Causing Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease, Vietnam
Table 1
Demographics and clinical severities of enterovirus A71 in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease, Vietnam, July 2013–July 2015*
Characteristic | Total EV-A71 cases enrolled, n = 379 | EV-A71 cases included for phylogenetic analysis, n = 146 | Subgenogroup C4 cases, n = 10 | Subgenogroup B5 cases, n = 136 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
M | 213 (56.2) | 89 (61) | 8 (80) | 81 (59.6) |
F |
166 (43.8) |
57 (39) |
2 (20) |
55 (40.4) |
Median age, mo (range) |
21.9 (14.3–32.1) |
19.4 (13.2–30.8) |
13.9 (15.5–23.5) |
19.6 (13–31.2) |
Discharge grade† | ||||
1 | 168 (44.3) | 78 (53.4) | 0 | 78 (57.4) |
2a | 120 (31.7) | 42 (28.8) | 3 (30) | 39 (28.7) |
2b1 | 30 (7.9) | 13 (8.9) | 4 (40) | 9 (6.6) |
2b2 | 16 (4.2) | 10 (6.8) | 2 (20) | 8 (5.9) |
3 | 43 (11.3) | 3 (2.1) | 1 (10) | 2 (1.5) |
4 |
2 (0.5) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Death | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. EV-A71, enterovirus A71.
†Grade 1, mouth ulcers or vesicles or papules on hands, feet, or buttocks, with or without mild fever (temperature <39°C). Grade 2a, central nervous system involvement, (myoclonus reported by parents or caregivers only, temperature >39°C or ataxia). Grade 2b1, myoclonus observed by medical staff or history of myoclonus and lethargy or pulse >130 bpm. Grade 2b2, ataxia, nystagmus, limb weakness, cranial nerve palsies, persistent high fever, or pulse >150 bpm. Grade 3, autonomic dysfunction with sweating, hypertension, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Grade 4, additional cardiopulmonary compromise with pulmonary edema or shock syndrome.