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Volume 28, Number 9—September 2022
Research

Detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Children Migrating to Australia

Ingrid Laemmle-RuffComments to Author , Stephen M. Graham, Bridget Williams, Danielle Horyniak, Suman S. Majumdar, Georgia A. Paxton, Lila V. Soares Caplice, Margaret E. Hellard, and James M. Trauer
Author affiliations: Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (I. Laemmle-Ruff, S.M. Graham, B. Williams, D. Horyniak, S.S. Majumdar, M.E. Hellard, J.M. Trauer); Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne (I. Laemmle-Ruff, S.M. Graham, G.A. Paxton); University of Melbourne, Melbourne (S.M. Graham, S.S. Majumdar, G.A. Paxton, M.E. Hellard, J.M. Trauer); Monash University, Melbourne (D. Horyniak, S.S. Majumdar, M.E. Hellard, J.M. Trauer); The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne (S.S. Majumdar, M.E. Hellard, J.M. Trauer); Department of Home Affairs, Australian Government, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia (L.V.S. Caplice)

Main Article

Table 3

Factors associated with LTBI in applicants <15 years of age migrating to Australia, November 2015–June 2017*

Characteristic Univariate regression analysis
 Multivariate regression analysis
Odds ratio (95% CI) p value Odds ratio (95% CI) p value
Sex
M Referent 0.449 Referent 0.481
F
 1.04 (0.93–1.17)
1.04 (0.93–1.17)
Age group, y
0–4 0.78 (0.69–0.88) <0.001 0.84 (0.74–0.95) 0.007
5–9 Referent Referent
10–14
 1.55 (1.31–1.83)
 <0.001
1.40 (1.17–1.65)
 <0.001
Region of origin
Northeast Asia Referent Referent
Oceania 0.48 (0.31–0.75) 0.001 0.53 (0.35–0.83) 0.005
Northwest Europe 0.68 (0.21–2.16) 0.515 0.55 (0.17–1.77) 0.318
Southern and Eastern Europe 3.35 (2.15–5.20) <0.001 2.17 (1.38–3.41) 0.001
North Africa and Middle East 0.77 (0.59–1.00) 0.047 1.01 (0.75–1.38) 0.928
Southeast Asia 3.35 (2.72–4.12) <0.001 2.65 (2.15–3.28) <0.001
Southern and Central Asia 1.19 (0.96–1.47) 0.120 0.84 (0.67–1.05) 0.124
Americas 0.96 (0.48–1.90) 0.900 0.79 (0.40–1.57) 0.498
Sub-Saharan Africa
 1.28 (0.96–1.69)
 0.088
0.84 (0.63–1.12)
 0.224
Visa stream
Permanent Referent <0.001 Referent <0.001
Humanitarian
 0.59 (0.51–0.70)
0.47 (0.38–0.58)
Risk factors
Past close contact with TB
 3.48 (2.15–5.61)
 <0.001
2.80 (1.70–4.61)
 <0.001
Test type
IGRA Referent <0.001 Referent <0.001
TST 2.72 (2.41–3.06) 3.01 (2.66–3.42)

*Indeterminate IGRA results excluded. Temporary applicants excluded as not included in screening unless clinical features or risk factors. Applicants with TB and history of TB excluded, because likely to result in positive IGRA or TST without reflecting LTBI. Screened applicants without country of origin data not included in the regression analysis (n = 2,383); the LTBI prevalence in this group was 2.5% ([[ANCHOR###T2###Table 2###Anchor]]). IGRA, interferon-gamma release assay; LTBI, latent tuberculosis infection; TB, tuberculosis disease; TST, tuberculin skin test.

Main Article

Page created: July 14, 2022
Page updated: August 19, 2022
Page reviewed: August 19, 2022
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