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Volume 29, Number 1—January 2023
Research

Risk for Severe COVID-19 Outcomes among Persons with Intellectual Disabilities, the Netherlands

Monique C.J. Koks-LeensenComments to Author , Bianca W.M. Schalk, Esther J. Bakker-van Gijssel, Aura Timen, Masha E. Nägele, Milou van den Bemd, Geraline L. Leusink, Maarten Cuypers, and Jenneken Naaldenberg
Author affiliations: Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.C.J. Koks-Leensen, B.W.M. Schalk, E.J. Bakker–van Gijssel, A. Timen, M.E. Nägele, M. van den Bemd, G.L. Leusink, M. Cuypers, J. Naaldenberg); Siza, Arnhem, the Netherlands (E.J. Bakker-van Gijssel); Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (G.L. Leusink)

Main Article

Table 4

Univariable and multivariable logistic regression by characteristics among 99 persons with intellectual disabilities who died of COVID-19, the Netherlands*

Characteristics Univariable
Multivariable†
Odds ratio (95% CI) p value Odds ratio (95% CI) p value
Sex
M 1.0 (0.7–1.6) 0.82 ND
F
Referent




Age
1.1 (1.1–1.1)
<0.001

1.09 (1.07–1.12)
<0.001
Disability level‡
Borderline to mild Referent
Moderate 0.5 (0.3–0.9) 0.03 ND NA
Severe to profound
0.6 (0.4–1.1)
0.13

ND
NA
Disability etiology‡
Down syndrome
2.86 (1.6–4.9)
0.001

5.6 (2.9–10.6)
<0.001
Concurrent conditions
Diabetes 3.4 (1.9–6.0) <0.001 ND NA
Hypertension 2.6 (1.5–4.6) 0.001 ND NA
Heart disease 3.9 (2.1–7.1) <0.001 2.3 (1.2–4.5) 0.01
Lung disease 4.0 (1.9–8.3) <0.001 4.6 (2.0–10.7) <0.001
Epilepsy 1.5 (0.8–2.7) 0.17 ND NA
Overweight, BMI >25 kg/m2 0.9 (0.6–1.5) 0.82 ND NA

*Because of nonresponses for some patient data among 2,586 persons included in the study, these data reflect missing values for sex, n = 60; age n = 67; and disability level, n = 114. BMI, body mass index; NA, not applicable; ND, not done. †Variables with p<0.1 in univariable analyses were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Because we used stepwise backward selection, we removed nonsignificant variables from the multivariable model and we could not provide estimates. The area under the curve was 0.844 (95% CI 0.808–0.880; p<0.001). We used Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test to assess the model fit for logistic regression and considered p>0.05 nonsignificant. Variance inflation factor (VIF) diagnostics indicated no evidence of collinearity (all VIF<1.2) among variables in final model. ‡Both the variable disability level and the variable etiology concern the level of intellectual disability. To avoid interdependency, we only included etiology in the multivariable model, because this variable shows a stronger univariable relationship and had no missing values.

Main Article

Page created: November 08, 2022
Page updated: December 21, 2022
Page reviewed: December 21, 2022
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