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Volume 29, Number 7—July 2023
Online Report

Epidemiology of Pathogens Listed as Potential Bioterrorism Agents, the Netherlands, 2009‒2019

Jorrit Broertjes, Eelco Franz, Ingrid H.M. Friesema, Hugo-Jan Jansen, Frans A.G. Reubsaet, Saskia A. Rutjes, Cornelis Stijnis, Bettie C.G. Voordouw, Maaike C. de Vries, Daan W. Notermans, and Martin P. GrobuschComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam the Netherlands (J. Broertjes, C. Stijnis, M.P. Grobusch); National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (E. Franz, I.H.M. Friesema, F.A.G. Reubsaet, S.A. Rutjes, C.B.C.G. Voordouw, M.C. de Vries, D.W. Notermans); Ministry of Defence, Doorn, the Netherlands (H.-J. Jansen); Royal Netherlands Navy, Den Helder, the Netherlands (C. Stijnis)

Main Article

Table 3

Epidemiology of pathogens listed as highest category potential bioterrorism agents, the Netherlands, 2009–2019*

Pathogen 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Average annual incidence
Bacillus anthracis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.1
Brucella spp. 4 6 1 2 5 2 9 4 2 5 7 2.5
Burkholderia mallei 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
Burkholderia pseudomallei 0 2 0 5 2 1 1 1 5 2 NA 1.1
Clostridium botulinum 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.2
Coxiella burnetii 2,424 411 77 63 20 26 20 14 22 18 18 171.2 (10.8)†
Francisella tularensis 1 0 1 0 1 3 1 9 2 2 4 1.3
Variola major 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
Yersinia pestis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
Hemorrhagic fever viruses 0 0 0 0 0 1‡ 0 0 1§ 2§ 2¶ 0.3

*Incidence is given as cases/10 million persons. NA, not available. †Incidence is shown in parentheses for postoutbreak years of 2015–2019, which is more representative. ‡Ebola fever virus. §Yellow fever virus. ¶Lassa fever virus.

Main Article

Page created: May 09, 2023
Page updated: June 21, 2023
Page reviewed: June 21, 2023
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