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Volume 26, Number 5—May 2020
Research

Possible Transmission Mechanisms of Mixed Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in High HIV Prevalence Country, Botswana

Yeonsoo Baik1, Chawangwa Modongo, Patrick K. Moonan, Eleanor S. Click, James L. Tobias, Rosanna Boyd, Alyssa Finlay, John E. Oeltmann, Sanghyuk S. Shin2Comments to Author , and Nicola M. Zetola2
Author affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA (Y. Baik); Botswana–Upenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana (C. Modongo, N.M. Zetola); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P.K. Moonan, E.S. Click, J.L. Tobias, R. Boyd, A. Finlay, J.E. Oeltmann); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Gaborone (R. Boyd, A. Finlay); University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA (S.S Shin)

Main Article

Table 1

Characteristics of persons in a study to assess mixed-strain transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the Kopanyo Study), Botswana, 2012–2016

Characteristic HIV status
Positive Negative Unknown
Total, no. (%), N = 2,137 1,130 (53) 948 (44) 59 (3)
Age, y, mean (± SD)
 36.9 (10)
 32.5 (16)
 33.5 (14)
Sex, no. (%)
M 558 (49) 584 (62) 43 (73)
F
 572 (51)
 364 (38)
 16 (27)
Primary residential site, no. (%)
Gaborone 828 (73) 565 (60) 43 (73)
Ghanzi District 109 (10) 215 (23) 8 (14)
Other Botswana, not in study region 116 (10) 108 (11) 0
Missing residential address
 77 (7)
 60 (6)
 8 (14)
Previous tuberculosis history, no. (%)
Yes 227 (20) 150 (16) 11 (19)
No
 903 (80)
 798 (84)
 48 (81)
Infection status, no. (%)*
Mixed 17 (2) 15 (2) 2 (4)
Possible mixed 50 (5) 35 (4) 3 (5)
Single
 1,008 (93)
 869 (94)
 52 (91)
Different strains, no. (%)† 570 (66) 453 (53) 50 (6)

*After excluding 86 patients with mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit–variable-number tandem-repeat results with missing alleles.
†Total number of different mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit–variable-number tandem-repeat results = 862.

Main Article

1Current affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: April 16, 2020
Page updated: April 16, 2020
Page reviewed: April 16, 2020
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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