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Volume 29, Number 4—April 2023
Research

Monitoring Temporal Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Levels and Variant-Specific Risk for Infection, Dominican Republic, March 2021–August 2022

Eric J. NillesComments to Author , Michael de St. Aubin, Devan Dumas, William Duke, Marie Caroline Etienne, Gabriela Abdalla, Petr Jarolim, Timothy Oasan, Salome Garnier, Naomi Iihoshi, Beatriz Lopez, Lucia de la Cruz, Yosanly Cornelio Puello, Margaret Baldwin, Kathryn W. Roberts, Farah Peña, Kara Durski, Isaac Miguel Sanchez, Sarah M. Gunter, Alexander R. Kneubehl, Kristy O. Murray, Allison Lino, Sarah Strobel, Amado Alejandro Baez, Colleen L. Lau, Adam Kucharski, Emily Zielinski Gutiérrez, Ronald Skewes-Ramm, Marietta Vasquez1, and Cecilia Then Paulino1
Author affiliations: Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (E.J. Nilles, M. de St. Aubin, D. Dumas, M.C. Etienne, G. Abdalla, P. Jarolim, T. Oasan, S. Garnier, N. Iihoshi, M. Baldwin, K.W. Roberts, K. Durski); Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (E.J. Nilles, M. de St. Aubin, D. Dumas, S. Garnier, M. Baldwin, K.W. Roberts, K. Durski); Harvard Medical School, Boston (E.J. Nilles, P. Jarolim); Pedro Henríquez Ureña National University, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (W. Duke); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Regional Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala (B. Lopez, E. Zielinski Gutiérrez); Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, Santo Domingo (L. de la Cruz, Y. Cornelio Puello, F. Peña, I.M. Sanchez, R. Skewes-Ramm, C. Then Paulino); Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA (S.M. Gunter, A.R. Kneubehl, K.O. Murray, A. Lino, S. Strobel); Dominican Republic Office of the Presidency, Santo Domingo (A.A. Baez); University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (C.L. Lau); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK (A. Kucharski); Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (M. Vasquez)

Main Article

Table 4

Multivariable odds ratios for a SARS-CoV-2 NAAT-positive test result in participants in study of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody levels, by phase of predominant circulating viral strain, Dominican Republic, March 2021–August 2022*

S antibody titer quartile OR (95% CI)†
Total, N = 2,300 Pre-Delta, n = 646 Delta, n = 764 Omicron (BA.1), n = 464 Omicron (BA.2/4/5), n = 426
Q1 Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent
Q2 0.55 (0.40–0.74)§ 0.25 (0.14–0.44)§ 0.38 (0.23–0.62)§ 0.69 (0.27–1.76) 0.60 (0.30–1.17)
Q3 0.38 (0.27–0.55)§ 0.13 (0.07–0.25)§ 0.31 (0.19–0.51)§ 0.46 (0.16–1.27) 0.30 (0.14–0.60)¶
Q4 0.27 (0.18–0.40)§ 0.13 (0.06–0.25)§ 0.31 (0.18–0.54)§ 0.14 (0.04–0.42)¶ 0.22 (0.09–0.50)§

*Phases based on dominant circulating strain: March 22–August 15, 2021 (pre-Delta, primarily Mu, Gamma, Iota, and Lambda strains), August 16–December 23, 2021 (Delta), December 24, 2021–April 30, 2022 (Omicron, BA.1), and May 1–August 17, 2022 (Omicron, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5). Anti-S, SARS-CoV-2 spike binding antibody. †Odds ratios with 95% CIs calculated using binomial multivariable logistic regression models with data presented for log-adjusted anti-S titers stratified by quartile. Quartiles calculated using the quantile function in R (16) and are specific to each phase. Appendix Table 10 shows phase and quartile anti-S geometric mean titers and median titers Model covariates include, in addition to anti-S titer quartile, number of COVID-19 vaccine doses received, days since last COVID-19 vaccine dose, sex, age, and month of sample collection. Appendix Tables 4–8 show full univariable and multivariable models, underlying data, predictor variables, and model performance measures. §p<0.001. ¶p<0.01.

Main Article

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Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

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