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Volume 25, Number 5—May 2019
Research

Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde Inactivation of Bacterial Tier 1 Select Agents in Tissues

Jennifer Chua1Comments to Author , Joel A. Bozue1, Christopher P. Klimko, Jennifer L. Shoe, Sara I. Ruiz, Christopher L. Jensen, Steven A. Tobery, Jared M. Crumpler, Donald J. Chabot, Avery V. Quirk, Melissa Hunter, David E. Harbourt, Arthur M. Friedlander, and Christopher K. CoteComments to Author 
Author affiliations: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA

Main Article

Table 3

Electron microscopy fixation of infected spleen, liver, and lung tissue from guinea pigs in study of inactivation of bacterial Tier 1 Select Agents*

Infectious agent, tissue type Maximum tissue weight, g Maximum tissue size, mm Maximum CFU/g Fixation time, d Sample inactivation Positive control
Bacillus anthracis Ames (inhalational and intramuscular), n = 3
Spleen 0.15 10 × 3 × 2 1.1 × 109 6 –/–† +
Liver 0.18 9 × 5 × 2 9.8 × 107 6 –/–† +
Lung
 0.08
 10 × 4×x 2
 2.1 × 108; 5.5 × 104 (heated)
 6
 –/–†
 +
Burkholderia pseudomallei 1026b, n = 4
Spleen 0.09 8 × 4 × 2 7.5 × 108 7 –/–‡ +
Liver 0.16 10 × 6 × 2 1.4 × 107 7 –/–‡ +
Lung
 0.09
 10 × 4 × 2
 4.0 × 107
 7
 –/–‡
 +
Francisella tularensis Schu S4, n = 3
Spleen 0.15 6 × 6 × 1 9.3 × 109 6 –/–§ +
Liver 0.15 11 × 5 × 1 9.5 × 107 6 –/–¶ +
Lung
 0.08
 7 × 6 × 1
 4.3 × 108
 6
 –/–¶
 +
Yersina pestis CO92, n = 3
Spleen 0.11 7 × 5 × 1 1.4 × 1010 6 or 8 –/–§ +
Liver 0.07 7 × 4 × 1 1.1 × 109 6 or 8 –/–¶ +
Lung 0.07 7 × 6 × 1 7.0 × 108 6 or 8 –/–¶ +

*<4 guinea pigs were infected with 1 Select Agent. Tissues were excised and then measured, weighed, and plated for CFU. Tissues were fixed in EM fixative for the indicated time, rinsed for 30 min in phosphate-buffered saline, and then homogenized. +/– indicates presence or absence of growth in broth/on plates.
†100% of sample tested.
‡50% of sample tested.
§90% of 1 sample tested, 10% of others tested.
¶10% of sample tested.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: April 18, 2019
Page updated: April 18, 2019
Page reviewed: April 18, 2019
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